Cultivation strategies for prokaryotes from extreme environments

The great majority of microorganisms are as-yet-uncultivated, mostly found in extreme environments. High-throughput sequencing provides data-rich genomes from single-cell and metagenomic techniques, which has enabled researchers to obtain a glimpse the unexpected genetic diversity “microbial dark matter.” However, cultivating environments remains essential for dissecting utilizing functions extremophiles. Here, we provide straightforward protocol efficiently isolating prokaryotic different habitats (thermal, xeric, saline, alkaline, acidic, cryogenic environments), was established through previous successful work our long-term experience extremophile resource mining. We propose common processes isolation at first then summarize multiple cultivation strategies recovering meanwhile specific tips that always overlooked but important. Furthermore, use multi-omics-guided microbial approaches culturing these as-yet-uncultivated two examples provided introduce how work. In summary, allows significantly improve efficiency pure cultures novel taxa, therefore paves way protection utilization resources